Data questions
Who prepares the attestations ReserveBeat tracks?
The table names the accounting firm identified in each token's most recent report, where the report names one in its text layer. Some reports carry the firm only as a signature image, so no name can be extracted, and ReserveBeat leaves those rows unnamed rather than filling them from elsewhere.
The answer, from the board
| Stablecoin | Firm named in the report | Report period |
|---|---|---|
| OUSD (Bridge Building Inc.) | Ernst & Young LLP | 2026-08 |
| As reported in Bridge Building Inc.'s attestation dated 2026-08-31, prepared by Ernst & Young LLP. | ||
| PYUSD (Paxos Trust (PayPal USD)) | KPMG LLP | 2026-08 |
| As reported in Paxos Trust (PayPal USD)'s attestation dated 2026-08-31, prepared by KPMG LLP. | ||
| RLUSD (Standard Custody (Ripple USD)) | Not held | 2026-08 |
| As reported in Standard Custody (Ripple USD)'s attestation dated 2026-08-31. Signed as an image | ||
| U (United Stables Limited) | Moore CPA Limited | 2026-08 |
| As reported in United Stables Limited's attestation dated 2026-08-31, prepared by Moore CPA Limited. | ||
| USD1 (BitGo) | KPMG LLP | 2026-08 |
| As reported in BitGo's attestation dated 2026-08-31, prepared by KPMG LLP. | ||
| USDC (Circle) | Not held | 2026-08 |
| As reported in Circle's attestation dated 2026-08-31. Signed as an image | ||
| USDG (Paxos) | KPMG LLP | 2026-08 |
| As reported in Paxos's attestation dated 2026-08-31, prepared by KPMG LLP. | ||
| USDT (Tether) | BDO Advisory Services S.r.l. | 2026-06 |
| As reported in Tether's attestation dated 2026-06-30, prepared by BDO Advisory Services S.r.l. | ||
| USDtb (Anchorage Digital) | Not held | 2026-08 |
| As reported in Anchorage Digital's attestation dated 2026-08-31. Signed as an image | ||
An empty cell means ReserveBeat holds no value for it. Empty is never filled with a zero, an estimate, or a figure carried over from another row.
The report carries its accounting firm's signature as an image rather than as text, so its text layer holds no firm name to extract and no firm is stated here. A firm name never enters the board from outside the document it came from, even where the firm is a matter of public record.
An unnamed row does not mean no firm was engaged. It means the document ReserveBeat parsed carries no extractable firm name, and the rule here is that a name never enters the board from outside the document, even where the firm is widely known. Rows the board could not return at all are marked distinctly from rows where the document itself named nobody.
Terms used in this answer
Definitions live in the learn section. ReserveBeat defines terms in one place and links to it.
- Published by
- ReserveBeat research · How this page is produced
- Newest data timestamp in this answer
Timestamps reflect the underlying data — when a figure was captured or a report was published — never when a page was built.
Questions
Common questions
Where do the answers on these pages come from?
Each page reads ReserveBeat's own board when you load it. Figures published by issuers pass through exactly as they appear in the attestation reports ReserveBeat parsed; anything ReserveBeat works out itself is labelled as computed and the calculation is written down.
Why is an answer sometimes empty?
Because ReserveBeat holds nothing for it. An empty cell is never filled with a zero, an estimate, or a figure carried over from somewhere else, and a whole answer is withheld rather than shown stale while the board is under review.
Do these pages define the terms they use?
No. Definitions live in the learn section and are written once. These pages answer questions whose answer is a figure or a state read from the board, and they link to the learn section for the vocabulary.
How often do the answers change?
Whenever the underlying board changes. Nothing on these pages is cached as text, so a new attestation report or a correction shows up on the next page load without anyone rewriting the page.